Flaps have long been used in plastic and reconstructive surgery to allow the transfer of tissue from a donor site to a recipient site without damaging blood supply, as opposed to grafts.
In head reconstruction, surgeons have investigated the possibility of a split temporal muscle pedicled flap that would facilitate skull reconstruction.

Illustration made in collaboration with Pr Boccara and Pr Hennocq, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery - Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, for the article Description of the Pedicled Osteo-Muscular Flap of Split Temporal Muscle published in Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Springer editions, 2023.